小栗上野介と渋沢栄一 渋沢栄一は一万円札になれても、岩崎弥太郎はなれない Kozukenosuke Oguri and Eiichi Shibusawa Eiichi Shibusawa could be on the 10,000 yen bill, but Yataro Iwasaki could not.
「あのとき小栗上野介にはねつけられていたら、一万円札の渋沢栄一はなかったかもしれませんね…」 と電話で笑って語ったのは、深谷市の歴史愛好家で知られるS氏。2019平成31年2月１７日に渋沢栄一記念館で住職が講演した時お世話になった人。 　「あのとき」とはいつ、渋沢栄一とどんな話があったのか。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ー以下、「青淵先生演説及談話」より・大略抜粋－ "If Eiichi Shibusawa had been rejected by Kozukenosuke Oguri at that time, there might not have been a Eiichi Shibusawa on the 10,000 yen bill..." said Mr. S, a well-known history buff from Fukaya City, laughing over the phone. He was the one who helped me when I gave a lecture at the Eiichi Shibusawa Memorial Hall on February 17, 2019. 　 When was that time and what kind of conversation did Oguri have with Eiichi Shibusawa? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　- The following is an abridged excerpt from "Seien Sensei's Speech and Discourse." -
◆1866慶応二年のパリ万博の開会に合わせて将軍徳川慶喜の代理として弟昭武が派遣されることとなり、昭武は十二月に横浜で準備に追われていた。万博出品責任者である勘定奉行の小栗上野介は出発前の昭武の元へ挨拶に出向いた。 　昭武の従者渋沢篤太夫（もと栄一）は、会計・俗事（庶務）担当として随行することになっていた。万博のあとイギリスはじめヨーロッパ各国を巡歴したのちパリに長期留学する予定の昭武の滞在経費を心配して、昭武への挨拶が終わった小栗上野介の元へ挨拶に行った。 　留学で５年間滞在中の経費についてくれぐれも滞ることのないようお願いする旨の渋沢の挨拶を聞いた小栗はこう言った。 「お前さんは面白い男だねえ。ついこの間、攘夷討幕を唱えて赤城山に挙兵して高崎城を乗っ取り、武器を奪って幕府を倒し、横浜へ押し上げて外国人を海の向こうへ追い払うと計画していたのに、そんな５年も先の幕府を心配するのはおかしい話だ」 ◆ Akitake Tokugawa, the younger brother of Shogun Yoshinobu Tokugawa, was to be sent to the Paris Exposition to be held in 1866, Keio 2, as Yoshinobu's representative. Akitake was busy making preparations in Yokohama in December of the previous year for the opening of the Exposition. Kozukenosuke Oguri, the accounting magistrate in charge of exhibits at the Expo, went to greet Akitake before his departure. 　 Akitake's follower, Tokudayu Shibusawa (previously called Eiichi Shibusawa), was to accompany him as treasurer and in charge of mundane affairs (general affairs). Shibusawa was worried about the cost of Akitake's stay in Paris, where he was scheduled to study for a long time after visiting England and other European countries after the Expo, so Shibusawa went to greet Kozukenosuke Oguri, who had finished greeting Akitake. When Oguri heard Shibusawa's request that Akitake's expenses during his five-year stay in Paris be kept under control, he said, "You are an interesting man, aren't you? Just a short while ago, you were advocating expulsion of the barbarians and planning to raise an army on Mount Akagi, take over Takasaki Castle, take weapons, overthrow the shogunate, and push on to Yokohama to drive the foreigners across the sea. And yet, it is strange to worry about the Shogunate that far into the future, five years down the road."
▲本宮ひろし『猛き黄金の国』（集英社）1991～ ▲ "Takeki Ohgon-no Kuni (The Valiant Land of Gold)" by Hiroshi Motomiya, (Shueisha) 1991-.
◆渋沢はびっくりした。　過激な水戸学に傾倒した栄一は、たしかにそのとおりの計画を進めて仲間と武器を集めた。決起する寸前に京都から戻ったいとこ渋沢長七郎（渋沢惇忠の弟）の「どう考えてもこの計画は無謀で実行不可能、うまくゆくはずがない。無駄死にはしないでほしい」という必死な意見で中止となり、既にひそかに武器を買い集めたことだしこのまま留まっていればいずれすべて露見する、として深谷（血洗島村）を出てバラバラに各地へ散った経過がある。 それを初対面の小栗がすべて承知していたのだ。 　渋沢が冷や汗をかきながら 「いえ…、それはもう昔の話で…」 というと、小栗は 「何をいうか、まだ１，２年前の話ではないか。まあいい、冗談だ。貴殿のことも承知している。貴殿のように志の高い人物が民部（昭武）公を補佐してくれることは喜ばしいことだ。一生懸命昭武公のために働いてくれ」 と笑ってその場を収め、 「自分が勘定奉行の間は間違いなく金を送るから心配するな」 と言ってくれた。付け足して小栗はこうも言った。 「しかし、幕府の運命についての覚悟だけはしっかり決めておくことが必要であろう」 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ー「青淵先生演説及談話」より・大略抜粋－ ◆ Shibusawa was taken aback. Shibusawa, who was devoted to radical Mitogaku, indeed went ahead with the plan and gathered friends and weapons. However, just before they were about to rise up, Shibusawa's cousin Choshichiro Shibusawa (younger brother of Atsutada Shibusawa), who had just returned from Kyoto, told them, "This plan is reckless and unfeasible, and there is no way it will work. I do not want you to die in vain." With his desperate opinion, the uprising was called off. The men had already secretly purchased weapons, and they knew that, if they remained in the village, they would eventually be exposed, so they left Fukaya (Chiaraijima Village in today's Saitama Prefecture) and scattered to various locations. Oguri, whom Shibusawa had never met before, knew all this. 　 Shibusawa, in a cold sweat, said, "No... that was a long time ago..," and then Oguri replied, "What do you mean, it was only a year or two ago? ... Well, don't worry, I'm just joking. I know who you are. It is a pleasure to have a man of your high aspirations assisting Lord Akitake. Please work hard for the Lord." He smiled and put the matter to rest. Then, he added, "As long as I am in charge of the account, I will definitely send you money, so don't worry." Oguri then added, "But you must be prepared for the fate of the Shogunate."　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　- The following is an abridged excerpt from "Seien Sensei's Speech and Discourse." - 　その後両者の間にどんな会話がかわされたか正確な記録は見つかっていないが、渡米経験のある小栗上野介からこんこんと外国事情・経済・経営・見るべきもの・注意すべき事柄を伝えられたに違いない。 ◆「貴殿の事も承知している」とは…「貴殿のように高い志を持った者がついていることは結構なこと」　と渋沢の人物を認めながら、「ただし前歴はまだ消えていないぞ（執行猶予中だぞ）、しっかりやれよ」と、釘を差したことになる。 Although no record has been found of the exact nature of the conversation that took place between the two men, Kozukenosuke Oguri, who had traveled to the U.S., must have been very thorough in informing Shibusawa about foreign affairs, the economy, business management, and things to see and do. ◆ Oguri's words, "I know who you are.": Acknowledging Shibusawa's character, by saying, "It is good that we have a man with high aspirations like you with us," Ogur also reminded him that his criminal record had not yet been expunged (he was still kind of on probation) and that he should be firm in his actions. ◆「幕府の運命についての覚悟」…このとき小栗上野介はこうも言っている「生きて再びお元気な民部様に対面できないかも知れないがその時はその時のこと」。 　もしかしたら小栗自身が生きて再びお元気な昭武公に会うことはないかも知れないが（勘定奉行の途中で留学費を送る責任が果たせなくなる）その時はその時のこと、と小栗は自分の運命についても洞察していることがわかる。実際歴史はその言葉通りになってしまった。 ◆本宮ひろ志のマンガ『猛き黄金の国』（集英社）は三菱を興した岩崎弥太郎を描き、宝塚でも上演されたことで知られるが、三菱に対する三井が幕末から明治に乗り切れたのは小栗家に出入りしていた三野村利左衛門の力があってのことだから三野村の活躍も描き、指導した小栗上野介の業績も描かれている。 　そして最後に明治政府に殺された小栗上野介の遺志を継いで日本経済に貢献したのが渋沢栄一、という締めくくりを見せている。本宮ひろ志というマンガ家は骨太の描写で知られているが、これほど小栗上野介をめぐる状況を把握していたとは…、と感心した。 ◆ "Be prepared for the fate of the Shogunate": At this time, Kozukenosuke Oguri also said, "I may not live to face the vigorous Minbu-sama (Akitake Tokugawa) again, but there is no way to control what happens then." 　 These words indicate that Oguri was evidently insightful about his own fate, thinking that perhaps he may never live to see the energetic Lord Akitake again (he would not be able to fulfill his responsibility to send money for Akitake's study abroad in the middle of his position as an accounting magistrate), but there is no way to control what happens then. In fact, history has been true to his words. ◆ Hiroshi Motomiya's manga “Takeki Ohgon-no Kuni (The Valiant Land of Gold)” (Shueisha) is well known for its depiction of Yataro Iwasaki, who founded Mitsubishi, and was also performed in Takarazuka. The manga also depicts the activities of Rizaemon Minomura, who, in opposition to Mitsubishi, was a major banker at Mitsui and helped Mitsui survive the end of the Edo period and into the Meiji era. It also depicts the achievements of Kozukenosuke Oguri, who mentored Minomura who frequented the Oguri family. The book concludes with the story of Eiichi Shibusawa, who contributed to the Japanese economy by carrying on the legacy of Kozukenosuke Oguri, who was killed by the Meiji government. Hiroshi Motomiya, a manga artist known for his gritty depictions, impressed me with his grasp of the situation surrounding Kozukenosuke Oguri.
もしあの時、とS氏が言うのは、小栗上野介が頭の固い人物だったら渋沢の言葉などはねつけて、渋沢のパリ随行もなくなっていたかもしれない。そしたら、彼の人生も相当変わって新しい一万円札の顔になることもなかったろうということ。 ◆〈　ついでに　〉 　渋沢栄一が一万円札の顔に選ばれたのは、たくさんの会社を興しておきながら彼の名前を冠した会社は一つもないこと。彼の経営哲学からだろう。 　三菱はイコール政商岩崎弥太郎というイメージが強すぎて、一万円札の顔にしたら「三菱のお金」のイメージで使いにくい。明治政府と深く結びついた営業行為の品性からいって世の非難轟々ごうごうが目に見える。ヒゲの岩崎が1万円札に登場することは永遠にないだろう。 When Mr. S said, "... at that time," he meant, "If Kozukenosuke Oguri had been a hard-headed person, he would have rejected Shibusawa's words, and Shibusawa would not have gone to Paris. If so, his life would have been considerably different and he would not have become the face of the new 10,000 yen bill." ◆ In addition... Eiichi Shibusawa was chosen as the face of the 10,000 yen bill because, although he founded many companies, none of them bear his name. It must have been his management philosophy. 　 Mitsubishi is so strongly associated with Yataro Iwasaki, a political merchant, that if Iwasaki were to be the face of the 10,000 yen bill, it would be difficult to use the image of "Mitsubishi money." Given the character of his business activities, which are deeply connected with the Meiji government, it is obvious that he would have drawn a roar of condemnation from the society. The bearded Iwasaki will never appear on the 10,000 yen bill.
参考ページ ◆小栗上野介の言葉３ 　＊「幕府の運命、日本の運命」：幕府政治の終焉を予感していた小栗上野介 　＊「渋沢栄一の談話」：原文はこちら ◆新一万円札に登場、渋沢栄一って誰？（日経ビジネス）	Related Pages ◆ Three Statements of Kozukenosuke Oguri - "Fate of the Shogunate, Fate of Japan": Kozukenosuke Oguri foresaw the end of the Shogunate. - On the page, there is the original text of Eiichi Shibusawa's discourse ◆ Who is Eiichi Shibusawa, who appears on the new 10,000 yen bill? (Nikkei Business)